Sources

Development of “risk profiles” for European Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS) applicants

• Algorithmic profiling in the ETIAS travel authorisation

Statewatch: Frontex and interoperable databases: knowledge as power?

• Algorithmic profiling in the ETIAS travel authorisation

REFRAIME Report on the system

• Algorithmic profiling of short-term visa applicants in the Netherlands

The BAMF’s dialect recognition software

• Automated language recognition in asylum procedures
• Automated dialect recognition in the asylum procedure in Germany

Surveillance Systems in the Samos CCAC by I Have Rights

• Automated video analytics to analyse movements in Samos detention centre

Data Rights Violations in the Samos CCAC

• Automated video analytics to analyse movements in Samos detention centre

Border Force Website

• BorderForce (EU Horizon Research Project) developing AI-assisted land border surveillance

Algorithm Watch on Border Force

• BorderForce (EU Horizon Research Project) developing AI-assisted land border surveillance

Data Rights Violations in the Samos CCAC

• Biometric Entry and Exit Gates at the Samos CCAC in Greece

Drones & Artificial Intelligence at Greece’s high-tech borders

• Biometric Entry and Exit Gates at the Samos CCAC in Greece

I Have Rights Report (Technology on Samos)

• Drones deployed for movement monitoring in Samos

Guidelines on Alternatives to Detention

• Electronic monitoring as "alternative to detention" in Lithuania and the UK

From Surveillance to Empowerment: Advancing the Responsible Use of Technology in Alternatives to Detention

• Electronic monitoring as "alternative to detention" in Lithuania and the UK

American AI Arrives on Fortress Europe’s Borders. At What Cost?

• "Tactical drones" deployed for movement monitoring at the borders of Bulgaria

"EU: Warnings over proposed new Europol partners in Middle East and North Africa"

• Europol-Egypt cooperation agreement

"Airborne Complicity Frontex Aerial Surveillance Enables Abuse"

• Frontex's aerial surveillance cooperation with Libya and Bosnia and Herzegovina

Automated technologies and the future of Fortress Europe

• IBorderCtrl project for biometric lie detection
• ROBORDER project: unmanned aerial and aquatic autonomous surveillance

Greece: Clarifications sought on human rights impacts of iBorderCtrl

• IBorderCtrl project for biometric lie detection

Surveillance for Detection in Serbia and Bulgaria

• EU-funded drones used for movement detection in Serbia

No normalising spyware: Italy admits use, but not the full extent

• Italian government's use of spyware against members of a humanitarian NGO and refugees

Surveillance Technologies at European Borders: Albania

• Italian 'Return Hubs' in Albania extract biometric data
• SMARTDEC in Albania

BVMN and Privacy International Report: Decoding Balkandac

• Biometric databases for migration in Western Balkan states modeled after Eurodac

PNS Coalition - Security Related Information Sharing

• Biometric databases for migration in Western Balkan states modeled after Eurodac

Croatia Border Surveillance

• Aerial surveillance via drones at Croatian sea and land borders

'Policing migration: when “harm reduction” means “multipurpose aerial surveillance”'

• Operational Action Plan against 'migrant smuggling' networks

Greece plans automated drones to spot people crossing border

• REACTION project: AI-based detection, recognition and classification of movements in Greece and Cyprus

More info in the BVMN Report Decoding BalkanDac

• Biometric scanners (palm, iris, and face scanners) used at EU external borders

TNI & Statewatch "Market Forces" Report

• IMSI catchers in Croatia

ECRE Report

• Video-conferencing for asylum hearings in France

ETIAS Regulation (2018)

• Algorithmic profiling in the ETIAS travel authorisation

Study on Language Assessment for Determination of Origin

• Automated language recognition in asylum procedures

CELIA – Common European Language Indication and Analysis

• Automated language recognition in asylum procedures
• Language analysis for asylum procedures (CELIA Project)

EUAA Strategy on Digital Innovation

• Automated language recognition in asylum procedures

CORDIS

• BorderForce (EU Horizon Research Project) developing AI-assisted land border surveillance

Regulation on asylum and migration management, amending Regulations

• Data exchange in the context of asylum and deportation procedures

Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a common system for the return of third-country nationals staying illegally in the Union

• Data exchange in the context of asylum and deportation procedures

Detention and alternatives to detention in international protection and return procedures

• Electronic monitoring as "alternative to detention" in Lithuania and the UK

DAT – CON Supports Frontex Pilot Project, Advancing Smarter EU Border Surveillance

• "Tactical drones" deployed for movement monitoring at the borders of Bulgaria

Frontex Launches Tactical Drone Pilot with Bulgaria to Boost Border Security

• "Tactical drones" deployed for movement monitoring at the borders of Bulgaria

UN Working Group on Enforced Disappearances visit to Bulgaria

• "Tactical drones" deployed for movement monitoring at the borders of Bulgaria

Interoperability (European Commission)

• EU Justice and Home Affairs databases and information systems interoperability

EU Internet Referral Unit

• Europol Social Media Monitoring in the context of "counter-smuggling"

Frontex: Monitoring and risk analysis

• EUROSUR's use of radar detection of maritime vessels

The EU donates high-tech equipment worth 1.4 million BAM to strengthen operational capacities of the BiH Border Police

• Frontex's aerial surveillance cooperation with Libya and Bosnia and Herzegovina

Frontex SSM

• Social media monitoring by Frontex

Frontex 2018 Industry Workshop on Forecasting and SSM

• Social media monitoring by Frontex

Frontex 2019 Procurement of Open Source Exploitation Tools

• Social media monitoring by Frontex

EU Tender for Situational Awareness Technologies in Serbia

• EU-funded drones used for movement detection in Serbia

"From fast-track asylum to return hubs. The Italy-Albania deal on trial"

• Italian 'Return Hubs' in Albania extract biometric data

Maritime Aerial Surveillance via EMSA Drone in Croatia

• Aerial surveillance via drones at Croatian sea and land borders

"The Joint Operational Programme: concrete results to strengthen security in Senegal"

• National biometric registry in Senegal

EU Space Vessel Sentinel-1C

• Radars used to detect boats on the Aegean Sea

REal-time ArtifiCial InTellIgence for BOrders Surveillance via RPAS data aNalytics to support Law Enforcement Agencies

• REACTION project: AI-based detection, recognition and classification of movements in Greece and Cyprus

Horizon 2020 "autonomous swarm of heterogeneous RObots for BORDER surveillance"

• ROBORDER project: unmanned aerial and aquatic autonomous surveillance

Information on the Schengen Information System (EU Commission)

• Biometric scanners (palm, iris, and face scanners) used at EU external borders

Procurement of Biometric Scanners for Bulgaria

• Biometric scanners (palm, iris, and face scanners) used at EU external borders

EUAA Data Analysis and Research

• EUAA’s Early Warning and Preparedness System

EUR-Lex Reulgation

• Europol's exchange of personal data with third countries

EU CORDIS Project Information: TRESSPASS

• TRESSPASS Project

EU F&T Portal

• ANPR in Malta

Lighthouse Investigation : Ethnic Profiling (algorithm used to score short-term visa applicants)

• Algorithmic profiling of short-term visa applicants in the Netherlands

Greek authorities subject refugees to invasive surveillance

• Biometric Entry and Exit Gates at the Samos CCAC in Greece

"Predicting migration flows with artificial intelligence – the European Union’s risky gamble"

• ITFlows project

DAT – CON Supports Frontex Pilot Project, Advancing Smarter EU Border Surveillance

• "Tactical drones" deployed for movement monitoring at the borders of Bulgaria

American AI Arrives on Fortress Europe’s Borders. At What Cost?

• "Tactical drones" deployed for movement monitoring at the borders of Bulgaria

ICMPD programme in Tunisia and Morocco

• ICMPD programme in Tunisia and Morocco

EU criticised over surveillance aid in nations where privacy at risk

• EU-funded IMSI catchers in Niger

"Spyware firm cuts Italy access after alleged targeting of activists - reports"

• Italian government's use of spyware against members of a humanitarian NGO and refugees

"Hurriyet: Turkey sets up radars to monitor Aegean vessel traffic"

• Radars used to detect boats on the Aegean Sea

"Athens Expands Coast Guard Fleet, Surveillance Capabilities Amid Turkish Claims"

• Radars used to detect boats on the Aegean Sea

ROBORDER: PSNI developing AI-controlled border surveillance system

• ROBORDER project: unmanned aerial and aquatic autonomous surveillance

SMARTDEC website

• SMARTDEC in Albania

Niovi Vavoula, “The ‘Puzzle’ of EU Large-Scale Information Systems for Third-Country Nationals: Surveillance of Movement and Its Challenges for Privacy and Personal Data Protection,” European Law Review (2019).

• Algorithmic profiling in the ETIAS travel authorisation

Navigating Technologies in Asylum Procedures in Austria

• Automated language recognition in asylum procedures

From Surveillance to Empowerment: Advancing the Responsible Use of Technology in Alternatives to Detention

• Electronic monitoring as "alternative to detention" in Lithuania and the UK

Under EUROSUR’s Watchful Eye: Exploring the Data Protection Concerns in European Border Surveillance

• EUROSUR's use of radar detection of maritime vessels